GUTs, ToEs AND UFOs: Which has More Evidence, the Goals of Modern Science or the Science Fiction of Modern Science?

 

GUTs, ToEs AND UFOs

Which has More Evidence, the Goals of Modern Science or the Science Fiction of Modern Science?

INTRODUCTION

Finding the GUT (Grand Unified Theory) and then the ToE (Theory of Everything) is one of the largest goals of today’s physics. It seems that the general belief is that finding one, preferably both of these things, will deliver to us the knowledge of the universe. That is, once the quantum forces of the universe are unified via a GUT, the next short step away will be a ToE. These two physics discoveries will tell us everything there is to know about the universe. And, all of the the physics of the universe questions that are baffling today’s modern physicist and scientist will be answered.

As for UFO’s (Unidentified Flying Objects), this topic has a lot of social media attention and notoriety in todays world. The current modern knowledge of physics says that UFOs that are not of this earth are not possible. Thus the belief that UFOs are not real and therefore must be considered as science fiction. Science fiction or not, there is a large amount of evidence that UFOs do exist. And, how do we know that the physics we know today is all of the physics that the universe has to offer. In other words, there could be, most likely is, a whole lot more physics that exists in this universe that we simply do not understand or know about. Finding a UFO would be world breaking news. However, being able to find a UFO that is not from our world is not really our choice.

Finding the GUT and a ToE are noble and worthy efforts. The search for these things generally started with Einstein, as well as other noted physicists and scientists of Einstein’s time. In 1865, about 40 years before Einstein’s ground breaking work with gravity, James Clerk Maxwell published his ground breaking equations that combine electricity and magnetism into a single force. In essence electricity can create magnetism and magnetism can create electricity. This relationship between electricity and magnetism is viewed as two different aspects of a single force, the electromagnetic force.

Given the two theories that describe the most basic forces known at the time, gravity and electromagnetism, Einstein was intellectually motivated to combine the two theories. His attempts at combining gravity and the electromagnetic force was known as his “unified field theory.” This is generally the beginning of searching for a GUT and a ToE.

As physics progressed two more “forces” were discovered, the strong force, (this is the one that holds quarks together in order to make protons and neutrons) and the weak force (this is the one that basically changes neutrons into protons and a couple of other things). In other words, these forces are only related to, and work with the smallest particles we know of in modern physics. And with these two additional forces we now have the four known forces of the universe, electricity and magnetism, gravity, the weak force, and the strong force.

In the 1960’s Physicists Sheldon Glashow, Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam are credited with unifying the electromagnetic force with the weak force to form the concept of the electroweak force. That is, this was a mathematical evaluation that combined these forces. Through the 1970’s and 1980’s experimental evidence believed to be associated with the weak force has been used to confirmed the mathematical association of the weak force and the electromagnetic force.

Since the strong force is also directly related to the interaction of the smallest known particles, it too was believed that it must somehow be related to the electroweak force. However, as of today, there is no mathematics or indirect experimental evidence that relates the strong force in any way with either the electroweak force. This is where the Grand Unified Theory (GUT) comes in. It is the theory that is going to combine the strong force and electroweak force into a single force.

However, modern science currently says there are four known forces in the universe and gravity is the odd force out. That is, it has no known relationship to the other three forces. This is where a Theory of Everything (ToE) comes in. It is going to be the theory that combines gravity with the other three forces, electromagnetic force, weak force and the strong force. Carrying this one step further, gravity is directly associated with relativistic physics, which is the physics of large things in the universe. The other three force are associated with the small things in the universe, which is quantum physics. So, a ToE can also be considered as the theory that is going to combine quantum physics with relativistic physics. It is a single theory that is going to describe every thing that happens with the biggest and the smallest things in the universe all at once.

DISCUSSION

The obvious first question to ask is how does modern physics know that the universe has a GUT and a ToE?

The answer to this question is very straight forward, it doesn’t! There is zero evidence that a GUT or a ToE exists in the universe. Or, that the universe we live in even requires or needs a GUT or a ToE. Recall from above, the “need” for a GUT and a ToE generally started with Einstein and his “intellectual need” for a unified field theory. In other words, physicists needed to unify the forces and their associated physics into a single theory, not our universe . The general concept of a GUT or a ToE is man made. There is nothing in any of the sciences, Quantum Theory or Relativity Theory that requires the unification of Quantum and Relativity theories and their associated forces into a single theory.

In the current most accepted theory for the beginning of our universe, the Big Bang, there is a sub-theory that at the beginning of the universe all four of the forces, gravity, electromagnetism, the weak force and the strong force were all combined together in some kind of a single force. That is, the overall amount of energy, temperature and density in the early universe was so high that it fused the four forces we see today into a single force, kind of like a super-force. This could also be considered as the beginning of a ToE. What this super-force did in the early universe, how it got there and how it could be the beginning of a ToE is yet to be determined.

As the universe expanded and began to cool down and lose energy the super-force started to break apart. At first gravity breaks away from the super-force leaving the strong force, the weak force and the electromagnetic force still combined, the beginning of a GUT. Shortly after gravity broke off, the strong force broke off, leaving the weak force and the electromagnetic force still combined, the electroweak force. Finally, a short time later, the weak force and the electromagnetic force also separated giving us the four forces we see in the universe today.

So, how is the order of the super force breaking apart known, and how is the timing of the forces breaking apart established? These are open questions as specific answers are unknown.

Another straightforward question: If the combining of all four of the forces requires an extreme amount of energy, temperature and density how can a GUT or a ToE be determined now that brings all of the forces together given the current low energy, temperature and density of the universe? Asked another way, how is it that the four forces can be recombined given the conditions in the current universe? And, modern science shows us that the universe is expanding, which cause energy, temperature and density to drop even more which would increase the difficulty of combining the forces into a GUT and a ToE.

Moving on from the theoretical questions with respect to GUTs and ToEs, look at the weak force. It is actually not a force, rather it is an interaction which why it is currently called the weak interaction not the weak force. The most common interaction involves the neutron and the W or Z boson particles. A W or Z boson particle interacts with a neutron and flips it into a proton and a couple of other things. Here is the problem, there are two kinds of neutrons, ones with a right-handed spin property, and ones with a left-handed spin property. The weak interaction only works with left-handed spin property neutrons, not the right-handed spin neutrons.

None of the other three forces have this kind of selective activity. For example, the electric force of the electron reacts with both positive and negative electric charges. If it were like the weak interaction it will only work with one of the charges, not both of them. Given the significant difference in how electricity and magnetism work compared to the weak interaction one has to wonder how real is the combination of electromagnetism and the weak interaction?

Regarding the strong force compared with the electromagnetic force and gravity; with both gravity and the electric force the further you move away from the source of the gravitational and electric force the weaker the force becomes. The strong force only works with quarks, it is the force that hold quarks together in the proton and neutron. The strong force is like a spring, if the quarks are close together the strong force is normal and there is a minimal amount of force between the quarks. However, if you try to pull two or more quarks apart the strong force grows stronger the further you move the quarks apart from each other. The strong force is so strong that if you could pull two quarks apart the amount of energy to do this is so high that two more quarks will immediately form and combine with the two quarks you pulled apart making sure that neither of the two quarks is alone. This means that the strong force does not allow there to be single quarks in the universe.

Despite the significant differences in the strong force, the electromagnetic force and the weak force/interaction, a GUT is going to combine these three forces into a single force that allows them to work the way the do in the current conditions of our universe.

As for gravity, it is the weakest of all of the forces and interaction. The electric force is almost a trillion-trillion-trillion-trillion-trillion times stronger than gravity. And the strong force is estimated at about 100 times stronger than the electric force. Additionally, gravity only really works on the biggest things in the universe, such as stars, planets and galaxies, while the electric force, strong force and weak interaction only work on the smallest things, the elementary particles and atoms. However, a ToE is going to be able to over come all obstacles and combine gravity, the force of the very big, with the other three force, which are the forces of the very small.

There are many more questions and concerns associated with combining the known forces into a GUT and ToE. There is one more concern that needs to be covered, the “graviton.” The graviton is a so far undiscovered particle, so in fits in Quantum Theory. The graviton is the part of quantum gravity that mediates gravity. The graviton is also a part of string theory. But string theory is a mathematical model of how the quantum universe works. Since string theory is a mathematical model there are no experiments which can prove string theory is real. And the current mathematics associated with combining string theory and relativity is so problematic that it cannot be done. In other words, the two thing are not compatible. Yet, that is still the goal.

As for evidence of UFOs, there is a lot. There are multiple photos and videos. There are witnesses of all professions; military, law enforcement, pilots, scientists and of course the average person. There are also multiple websites, such as MUFON, the Mutual UFO Network, (https://mufon.com/) and UFO Casebook (https://www.ufocasebook.com/) just to name two. There are also multiple professional and government reports on UFOs and UFO sightings. Similarly, the governments of many countries have done multiple investigations and filed reports on UFOs. And, many governments have a dedicated agency within the government specifically for investigating and researching UFOs.

One of the most recent reports from the US government was on June 25, 2021 titled Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, (https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Prelimary-Assessment-UAP-20210625.pdf). The report was submitted to congress by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). This report looked at 144 reports filed between 2004 and 2021, mostly by military aviators who were using reliable equipment for data collection. Of the 144 reports reviewed, 1 was found not to be a Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP or UFO).

If only one of the 144 UFO reports in the congressional report was discovered not to be a UFO, what does this say about the reality of the thousands upon thousands of non-military reports?

CONCLUSION

Establishing a Grand Unified Theory and the Theory of Everything, are the holy grail of modern science. UFOs, are the science fiction of modern science because they are so elusive and we simply cannot and do not understand how they work. Additionally, we cannot touch or study a UFO. Truth be told we also cannot study a GUT or a ToE. Simply because something cannot be touched or studied does not make it unreal. This fact is noted daily in modern science as they go about looking for a GUT and a ToE. However, UFOs are not viewed in the same manner because modern science does not afford UFO’s the same breath of reality as they do GUTs and ToEs.

When the actual actions of the electromagnetic force, the weak interaction/force and the strong force are compared, it is clear that none of them have any common characteristics. If they have nothing in common, how is it possible that they can all be combined? Nature and the universe has provided zero information or evidence that these three unique and distinct forces of the very small should be combined in a single force via a Grand Unification Theory.

As for gravity, it has absolutely nothing in common with any of the three forces discussed above. There is no comparison between the characteristics of gravity and the characteristics of the other three forces. And once again, there is nothing in nature or the universe that says or requires gravity to be combined with the other three forces.

In summary, nothing about a GUT or a ToE has a real connection to nature or our universe. And, there is no evidence that either of these things exist. If nature doesn’t require unification why does today’s science feel the necessity to find a Grand Unification Theory or Theory of Everything? Furthermore, if there is nothing in nature that says unification is necessary, what makes modern science think that unification is even possible?

For comparison, there are thousands of unexplainable photos and video evidence of UFOs. There is evidence from electronic monitoring devices such as RADAR and infrared cameras. And, there are thousands upon thousands of observations by people of all walks of life throughout history, including trusted eye witness accounts. Additionally, governments throughout the world believe there is enough evidence for UFOs and have establish some type of agency to investigate UFOs.

So, what has more evidence for existence, GUTs and ToEs or UFOs?

One last consideration, we have a little over 100 years of modern science knowledge of the universe. But, the universe is over 13.8 billion year old, (our definition of time). Given our limited time to learn about the universe modern science believes that we almost know all there is to know and completely understand in our universe so that we can discover a GUT or a ToE. Some might consider this to be incredibly hubris.

Steve Guderian, 25 June, 2023

Which has More Evidence, the Goals of Modern Science or the Science Fiction of Modern Science?

INTRODUCTION

Finding the GUT (Grand Unified Theory) and then the ToE (Theory of Everything) is one of the largest goals of today’s physics. It seems that the general belief is that finding one, preferably both of these things, will deliver to us the knowledge of the universe. That is, once the quantum forces of the universe are unified via a GUT, the next short step away will be a ToE. These two physics discoveries will tell us everything there is to know about the universe. And, all of the the physics of the universe questions that are baffling today’s modern physicist and scientist will be answered.

As for UFO’s (Unidentified Flying Objects), this topic has a lot of social media attention and notoriety in todays world. The current modern knowledge of physics says that UFOs that are not of this earth are not possible. Thus the belief that UFOs are not real and therefore must be considered as science fiction. Science fiction or not, there is a large amount of evidence that UFOs do exist. And, how do we know that the physics we know today is all of the physics that the universe has to offer. In other words, there could be, most likely is, a whole lot more physics that exists in this universe that we simply do not understand or know about. Finding a UFO would be world breaking news. However, being able to find a UFO that is not from our world is not really our choice.

Finding the GUT and a ToE are noble and worthy efforts. The search for these things generally started with Einstein, as well as other noted physicists and scientists of Einstein’s time. In 1865, about 40 years before Einstein’s ground breaking work with gravity, James Clerk Maxwell published his ground breaking equations that combine electricity and magnetism into a single force. In essence electricity can create magnetism and magnetism can create electricity. This relationship between electricity and magnetism is viewed as two different aspects of a single force, the electromagnetic force.

Given the two theories that describe the most basic forces known at the time, gravity and electromagnetism, Einstein was intellectually motivated to combine the two theories. His attempts at combining gravity and the electromagnetic force was known as his “unified field theory.” This is generally the beginning of searching for a GUT and a ToE.

As physics progressed two more “forces” were discovered, the strong force, (this is the one that holds quarks together in order to make protons and neutrons) and the weak force (this is the one that basically changes neutrons into protons and a couple of other things). In other words, these forces are only related to, and work with the smallest particles we know of in modern physics. And with these two additional forces we now have the four known forces of the universe, electricity and magnetism, gravity, the weak force, and the strong force.

In the 1960’s Physicists Sheldon Glashow, Steven Weinberg and Abdus Salam are credited with unifying the electromagnetic force with the weak force to form the concept of the electroweak force. That is, this was a mathematical evaluation that combined these forces. Through the 1970’s and 1980’s experimental evidence believed to be associated with the weak force has been used to confirmed the mathematical association of the weak force and the electromagnetic force.

Since the strong force is also directly related to the interaction of the smallest known particles, it too was believed that it must somehow be related to the electroweak force. However, as of today, there is no mathematics or indirect experimental evidence that relates the strong force in any way with either the electroweak force. This is where the Grand Unified Theory (GUT) comes in. It is the theory that is going to combine the strong force and electroweak force into a single force.

However, modern science currently says there are four known forces in the universe and gravity is the odd force out. That is, it has no known relationship to the other three forces. This is where a Theory of Everything (ToE) comes in. It is going to be the theory that combines gravity with the other three forces, electromagnetic force, weak force and the strong force. Carrying this one step further, gravity is directly associated with relativistic physics, which is the physics of large things in the universe. The other three force are associated with the small things in the universe, which is quantum physics. So, a ToE can also be considered as the theory that is going to combine quantum physics with relativistic physics. It is a single theory that is going to describe every thing that happens with the biggest and the smallest things in the universe all at once.

DISCUSSION

The obvious first question to ask is how does modern physics know that the universe has a GUT and a ToE?

The answer to this question is very straight forward, it doesn’t! There is zero evidence that a GUT or a ToE exists in the universe. Or, that the universe we live in even requires or needs a GUT or a ToE. Recall from above, the “need” for a GUT and a ToE generally started with Einstein and his “intellectual need” for a unified field theory. In other words, physicists needed to unify the forces and their associated physics into a single theory, not our universe . The general concept of a GUT or a ToE is man made. There is nothing in any of the sciences, Quantum Theory or Relativity Theory that requires the unification of Quantum and Relativity theories and their associated forces into a single theory.

In the current most accepted theory for the beginning of our universe, the Big Bang, there is a sub-theory that at the beginning of the universe all four of the forces, gravity, electromagnetism, the weak force and the strong force were all combined together in some kind of a single force. That is, the overall amount of energy, temperature and density in the early universe was so high that it fused the four forces we see today into a single force, kind of like a super-force. This could also be considered as the beginning of a ToE. What this super-force did in the early universe, how it got there and how it could be the beginning of a ToE is yet to be determined.

As the universe expanded and began to cool down and lose energy the super-force started to break apart. At first gravity breaks away from the super-force leaving the strong force, the weak force and the electromagnetic force still combined, the beginning of a GUT. Shortly after gravity broke off, the strong force broke off, leaving the weak force and the electromagnetic force still combined, the electroweak force. Finally, a short time later, the weak force and the electromagnetic force also separated giving us the four forces we see in the universe today.

So, how is the order of the super force breaking apart known, and how is the timing of the forces breaking apart established? These are open questions as specific answers are unknown.

Another straightforward question: If the combining of all four of the forces requires an extreme amount of energy, temperature and density how can a GUT or a ToE be determined now that brings all of the forces together given the current low energy, temperature and density of the universe? Asked another way, how is it that the four forces can be recombined given the conditions in the current universe? And, modern science shows us that the universe is expanding, which cause energy, temperature and density to drop even more which would increase the difficulty of combining the forces into a GUT and a ToE.

Moving on from the theoretical questions with respect to GUTs and ToEs, look at the weak force. It is actually not a force, rather it is an interaction which why it is currently called the weak interaction not the weak force. The most common interaction involves the neutron and the W or Z boson particles. A W or Z boson particle interacts with a neutron and flips it into a proton and a couple of other things. Here is the problem, there are two kinds of neutrons, ones with a right-handed spin property, and ones with a left-handed spin property. The weak interaction only works with left-handed spin property neutrons, not the right-handed spin neutrons.

None of the other three forces have this kind of selective activity. For example, the electric force of the electron reacts with both positive and negative electric charges. If it were like the weak interaction it will only work with one of the charges, not both of them. Given the significant difference in how electricity and magnetism work compared to the weak interaction one has to wonder how real is the combination of electromagnetism and the weak interaction?

Regarding the strong force compared with the electromagnetic force and gravity; with both gravity and the electric force the further you move away from the source of the gravitational and electric force the weaker the force becomes. The strong force only works with quarks, it is the force that hold quarks together in the proton and neutron. The strong force is like a spring, if the quarks are close together the strong force is normal and there is a minimal amount of force between the quarks. However, if you try to pull two or more quarks apart the strong force grows stronger the further you move the quarks apart from each other. The strong force is so strong that if you could pull two quarks apart the amount of energy to do this is so high that two more quarks will immediately form and combine with the two quarks you pulled apart making sure that neither of the two quarks is alone. This means that the strong force does not allow there to be single quarks in the universe.

Despite the significant differences in the strong force, the electromagnetic force and the weak force/interaction, a GUT is going to combine these three forces into a single force that allows them to work the way the do in the current conditions of our universe.

As for gravity, it is the weakest of all of the forces and interaction. The electric force is almost a trillion-trillion-trillion-trillion-trillion times stronger than gravity. And the strong force is estimated at about 100 times stronger than the electric force. Additionally, gravity only really works on the biggest things in the universe, such as stars, planets and galaxies, while the electric force, strong force and weak interaction only work on the smallest things, the elementary particles and atoms. However, a ToE is going to be able to over come all obstacles and combine gravity, the force of the very big, with the other three force, which are the forces of the very small.

There are many more questions and concerns associated with combining the known forces into a GUT and ToE. There is one more concern that needs to be covered, the “graviton.” The graviton is a so far undiscovered particle, so in fits in Quantum Theory. The graviton is the part of quantum gravity that mediates gravity. The graviton is also a part of string theory. But string theory is a mathematical model of how the quantum universe works. Since string theory is a mathematical model there are no experiments which can prove string theory is real. And the current mathematics associated with combining string theory and relativity is so problematic that it cannot be done. In other words, the two thing are not compatible. Yet, that is still the goal.

As for evidence of UFOs, there is a lot. There are multiple photos and videos. There are witnesses of all professions; military, law enforcement, pilots, scientists and of course the average person. There are also multiple websites, such as MUFON, the Mutual UFO Network, (https://mufon.com/) and UFO Casebook (https://www.ufocasebook.com/) just to name two. There are also multiple professional and government reports on UFOs and UFO sightings. Similarly, the governments of many countries have done multiple investigations and filed reports on UFOs. And, many governments have a dedicated agency within the government specifically for investigating and researching UFOs.

One of the most recent reports from the US government was on June 25, 2021 titled Preliminary Assessment: Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, (https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Prelimary-Assessment-UAP-20210625.pdf). The report was submitted to congress by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). This report looked at 144 reports filed between 2004 and 2021, mostly by military aviators who were using reliable equipment for data collection. Of the 144 reports reviewed, 1 was found not to be a Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP or UFO).

If only one of the 144 UFO reports in the congressional report was discovered not to be a UFO, what does this say about the reality of the thousands upon thousands of non-military reports?

CONCLUSION

Establishing a Grand Unified Theory and the Theory of Everything, are the holy grail of modern science. UFOs, are the science fiction of modern science because they are so elusive and we simply cannot and do not understand how they work. Additionally, we cannot touch or study a UFO. Truth be told we also cannot study a GUT or a ToE. Simply because something cannot be touched or studied does not make it unreal. This fact is noted daily in modern science as they go about looking for a GUT and a ToE. However, UFOs are not viewed in the same manner because modern science does not afford UFO’s the same breath of reality as they do GUTs and ToEs.

When the actual actions of the electromagnetic force, the weak interaction/force and the strong force are compared, it is clear that none of them have any common characteristics. If they have nothing in common, how is it possible that they can all be combined? Nature and the universe has provided zero information or evidence that these three unique and distinct forces of the very small should be combined in a single force via a Grand Unification Theory.

As for gravity, it has absolutely nothing in common with any of the three forces discussed above. There is no comparison between the characteristics of gravity and the characteristics of the other three forces. And once again, there is nothing in nature or the universe that says or requires gravity to be combined with the other three forces.

In summary, nothing about a GUT or a ToE has a real connection to nature or our universe. And, there is no evidence that either of these things exist. If nature doesn’t require unification why does today’s science feel the necessity to find a Grand Unification Theory or Theory of Everything? Furthermore, if there is nothing in nature that says unification is necessary, what makes modern science think that unification is even possible?

For comparison, there are thousands of unexplainable photos and video evidence of UFOs. There is evidence from electronic monitoring devices such as RADAR and infrared cameras. And, there are thousands upon thousands of observations by people of all walks of life throughout history, including trusted eye witness accounts. Additionally, governments throughout the world believe there is enough evidence for UFOs and have establish some type of agency to investigate UFOs.

So, what has more evidence for existence, GUTs and ToEs or UFOs?

One last consideration, we have a little over 100 years of modern science knowledge of the universe. But, the universe is over 13.8 billion year old, (our definition of time). Given our limited time to learn about the universe modern science believes that we almost know all there is to know and completely understand in our universe so that we can discover a GUT or a ToE. Some might consider this to be incredibly hubris.

Steve Guderian, 25 June, 2023

UFOs/UAPs: Can They Be All Around Us But We Cannot See Them?

 UFOs/UAPs: Can They Be All Around Us But We Cannot See Them?

Did you ever wonder what the first person to see a UFO/UAP must have thought? To see something in the sky that was flying across the sky and/or doing things that were at the time thought to be impossible. What a life changing event. And as time progressed more and more of these unusual things were seen moving across the sky by more and more people and by more and more pieces of equipment that are being used to monitor the sky. Ultimately, we reach the point where we are today. Reports of UFOs/UAPs by professionals, such as military personnel and pilots, as well as the average person are a relatively common occurrence. So common that sighting of UFOs/UAPs are taken for granted and the expectation is that UFOs/UAPs are there to be seen.

But what if it were possible for UFOs/UAPs to be right in front of us, but we could not see them. Would something like this be possible, is it happening? The answer is YES, IT IS and the proof has been seen by millions of people. The first of the unseen UFOs/UAPs has been seen doing things that seem to be impossible. This is just like the time when the first UFOs/UAPs were seen. We have now seen a new type of UFO/UAP and are now moving into a new phase of observations.

On Tuesday, June 27, 2023, the 10^th episode of the 4^th season of The Secret of Skinwalker Ranch: A Frequency Occurrence aired on the History Channel. During one of the experiments being performed a high-speed video camera that records at over 2000 frames per second (information from the show) was being used. At one point the camera operator calls the team over to the computer monitor to view something that flashed across the screen. The video review showed a UFO/UAP moving across the sky at a very high rate of speed. It was estimated that this UFO/UAP traveled across a large portion of the horizon/sky in a little over one-second, (information from the show). It was further estimated that the UFO/UAP was traveling around 3600 mph (information from the show).

Nobody that was on the scene of this experiment saw the UFO/UAP moving across the sky, it was only caught on the high-speed video camera. How it is possible for something to be right in front of us but not be seen? As it turns out, it is a lot easier for this to happen than most would expect.

Our species has a built-in lag time for us to see and understand or react to something occurring within our field of view. This lag time is most commonly referred to as Perception and Reaction Time, or simply PRT. In essence our eyes may see something, but our brain does not recognize it right away. There is a time lag between when we first see something and when our brain processing is able to tell us what it is we see. Once our brain has taken the time to figure out what we have seen it starts processing what we need to do to react to what our brain told us we see.

There are a few of other names that have been associated with PRT; Perception and Response Time and Perception and Recognition Time. Overall, the work with and study of PRT has been around for about 40 years. PRT is most commonly associated with vehicle usage. That is, PRT is used in the design of roadways and it is very much a part of Collision Reconstruction, which is the in-depth investigation and reconstruction of vehicle crashes, particularly fatal vehicle crashes. My personal experience with PRT comes from my 35 years of working as a Collision Reconstructionist.

Real world, everyday PRT is situationally dependent. This is because there are many associated factors that must also be taken into consideration when considering what a person may or may not see around them. All surroundings associated information and factors are part of what and how we see and that also reacts with our brain. As mentioned above PRT is used in the design of roadways. Due to the multiple conditions that can be in play with a roadway, such as darkness and weather, roadway design generally uses a 2.5 sec PRT. In collision reconstruction the most general PRT used starts at 1.5 seconds and it is adjusted up from there as necessary. In most cases, PRT would go up from 1.5 seconds and not go lower than 1.5 seconds.

As the name Perception and Response suggests there are two parts. The first is perception and the second is the recognition and response to what our brain is telling us it sees. Generally, the time it takes to perceive, or actually see something, is considered to be about .75 seconds. This leaves .75 seconds for recognition and a response to what was perceived by our brains. When you are driving a vehicle along a roadway, 3/4 of a second to see something, and then another 3/4 of a second to actually do something about what you see for the most part is fairly accurate. That is, everything is happening right in front of you and is already within your field of view. And choices of what is happening and what to do about it are limited. Thus, the brain processing that must occur is relatively straight forward. However, when you are outside with a whole view of the sky above and around you there is a lot more going on and a lot more for your brain to process. Additionally, the chances are that anything that happens that you are interested in, such as a very fast-moving small object, is going to be just outside of your main area of vision. It is most likely going to be one of those things that you think you see as you might catch it out of the corner of your eye. But since it is moving so fast, you will never be able to catch it in your field of view. So, in the very end it becomes something that you don’t see because you didn’t see enough of it for a long enough time for your brain to process what happened.

So, what does all of this mean? It means that the video of the high-speed UFO/UAP taken at Skinwalker Ranch is direct evidence showing us that there are high speed UFOs/UAPs in the sky that we cannot see because of their speed. In other words, the number of UFOs/UAPs that we see and photograph is just a part of the total number of UFOs/UAPs that are in the skies of our little world. And what we don’t see now, we will probably never be able to see without the help of high-speed video recording. This means that any time you are looking up at the sky, day or night, know that there could be a UFO/UAP passing by at a high speed and you will not be able to actually “see” it. Even though it was not seen, we know it could be there because now we have our first “view” of a high-speed UFO/UAP, and it is different from what we are used to seeing.

Side Note: This video may not be the only video of a high-speed UFO/UAP captured at Skinwalker Ranch. In episode 7 of season 4 what was thought to be a fast-moving UFO/UAP was captured in a frame or two of a surveillance video camera. One moment the video shows an empty field, the next shows a UFO/UAP in the middle of the field and then the next moment the field is empty again. There is also the incident in the first or second season where one of the cows in one of fields on the ranch mysteriously died. Upon checking the surveillance video, again, one moment there is no UFO/UAP in the sky above the cow, the next moment there is a UFO/UAP visible.

As for one of the physical impossibilities associated with the high-speed UFOs/UAPs that is open for consideration, how do the high-speed UFOs/UAPs travel so fast through the air without heating up or causing some other type of disruption to the air being traveled through?

Steve Guderian

Reno, NV

4 July, 2023

UFOs, ETs and Life in Our Universe

 THIS IS A WORK IN PROGRESS DRAFT POST BEING POSTED FOR ONGOING REVIEW

Over the last month or two there has been a lot of talk about the release of a government report regarding UAP sightings. UAP stands for Unidentified Ariel Phenomena, which is government speak for UFO. This report clearly admits that there are 143 sightings of UAPs that cannot be explained. And that many of these sighted UAPs do not comply with any known physics and/or aeronautical design and performance. But, since there is no individual sightings of any Extraterrestrial beings associated with any of the UAPs there can be no conclusion regarding the existence of Extraterrestrials. One other thing about the report, it is not possible to rule out the fact that some of these UAPs/UFOs might be craft from another world. So, this begs the question, if the craft is from another world would there not be an ET flying it? I guess it is important to our government to maintain their overall superiority of everything.

Think of it this way, this is like seeing a duck swimming across the top of a pond and concluding that it cannot fly since you only see is swimming. 

For reasons unknown our government is afraid to take a stand on what is clearly been seen and experienced by so many people for such a long period of time. Maybe part of the problem is because the science and physics community is unwilling to budge from its current scope of experiment and theory. Think about this for a minute, a report is released that says there are craft flying around our planet doing things we cannot explain with the physics we currently understand. But the physics community is unwilling to take a moment to think that maybe, just maybe there is a whole lot of physics out there that we do not know about and understand. Nope, it is still important to chase String Theory, Supersymmetry and the God Equation rather than admit these things have already failed and there is a lot more out there for science to learn.

Well, here is a news flash for the physics and science community, as well as the governments of our earth, there is a whole lot of life out there in this universe and we are just a small part of it. The proof for this is all around us right here on out little planet, how much life exists on this planet with us? Why would the nature of all of the life on our planet be any different from the nature of our universe? In other words, the universe that we live in and that we are a part of is not a barren and cold place devoid of life. Just the opposite, our universe is teaming with life throughout its entire expanse. I will go so far to say that my experiences and observations show me that our universe is all about life, that our universe is here for life to thrive throughout the universe. Furthermore, there is a whole lot more physics out there that we do not have a clue about. Again, nature has clearly provided us clues to this. But since these clues and related information does not fit the science and physics community's current beliefs, these obvious clues and information are ignored or some type of quantum physics magic is contrived to explain away that which is not liked.  

So the question now is why is the Extraterrestrial Life visiting our planet here in the first place? I believe this too has a fairly logical answer. And the answer is not what some want us to believe. Since we cannot explain 143 UAPs our government tells us that we have to be concerned about possible hostile intentions. 

If we except the governments report regarding unexplainable UAPs, then history is pretty clear, ET has been visiting the human life on our planet for a very long time. Since ET has been here for so long hostile actions really are not any part of ETs intention. Think about this for a minute, if ET was hostile how come we were not wiped out 100,000 years ago when it would have been easy? The narrative that ET and/or the UAPs are here for hostile actions is really the ultimate in arrogance, ignorance and short sightedness by our government.

The real answer is much simpler and obvious. It is not about us, it is about the beautiful planet we are lucky enough to live on at this point in time. 

Here on earth we can consider all societies and its associated human life living here a single  civilization. The simplest and most basic feat that our civilization must accomplish is survival. And if we are perfectly honest, there really is no guarantee that as a civilization we can survive. We would all like to believe that as a civilization we will survive and move out into the universe and take our place with the rest of the life living in this universe. However, at this point in time we are far more adapt at conflict and violence then we are at working together toward the common and simple goal of survival for our societies and civilization.

The universe we are a part of is dynamic. Planets and other solar systems die everyday. These planets and solar systems that die as part of their natural progression are full of life that is worth saving for the civilization of the universe. Just like we move from one city to another, other life in our universe has the need to move to another planet. ET is not here for hostile purposes. Rather they are here to make sure that if we move forward with destroying ourselves that we do not take the fabulous planet down with us as it does mean too much to the civilization of the universe.

ET has shown themselves to humanity multiple times for centuries, so it is not like they are trying to hide from us. Recently they have also shown us that they really do know a whole lot more than we do. We should look at all of the sightings and interactions as ETs way of saying, hey we are here and we would like to help, but.... It is not ETs responsibility to come here and solve our problems. As our own civilization we have to be able to survive on our own, not as a subset for another civilization in our universe. 

Take a moment to think about this, the evidence for ET's existence is staggering. Yet many in government and the science community still say it is impossible for any ET to be here because our physics will not allow it. Simple solution, there is more to physics than we know today. But in many cases arrogance reigns supreme in science and government so rather than admitting we are not as smart and superior as we think we are they will simply ignore the reality. So, even if ET were to come here to help out, he would not be excepted or would be questioned about every trivial thing. I would not want to waste my time with this, so why would ET?

THE DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT PART 2, PROVE OR DISPROVE

 

My first paper looking at the double slit experiment hypothesizes that the wave function could be the result of quantum entanglement. This conclusion was reached through an evaluation of the information from the original double slit experiment involving individual particles. In other words, I simply carried the original experiment one step further. Given that the hypothesis is based on information from the first experiment, it is a valid experimentally based hypothesis. The next step would be to try and experimentally validate the hypothesis. This paper outlines steps that can be added to the original double slit experiment that can be used as an initial evaluation toward proving, or disproving, my quantum entanglement hypothesis for the wave function of a particle as established in the original double slit experiment. My first paper is also posted on this blog.

The original double slit experiment is such that a single particle is independently sent toward double slits. The slits are monitored to see which one the particle goes through. The particle continues on hitting a screen leaving a dispersed particle pattern on the screen. The act of measuring the particle for the slit it travels through determines it position and in essence removes the wave function of the particle. This results in a particle only dispersion pattern on the screen. My experiment simply builds on this.

On the screen where the particle pattern has been determined, cut another double slit. This way after traveling through the first double slit and determining which slit the particle goes through, which removes the wave function, we can see if the particle still acts like a particle after traveling through the second double slit and hitting a screen behind the second double slit. The pattern on the screen after the second double slit will show us if the particle is still a particle after traveling through both double slits, or if at some point the particle obtained another wave function. If the particle obtains a second wave function the questions would be where did the wave function come from, and is it the “same” as the initial coherent particle from the original source?

It should be noted that there are multiple versions or variations that could be done with this experimental set up. For example, there could be two sets of double slits set up on the second screen after the initial set, one at each particle dispersal pattern to see if one or both of the particle dispersal patterns have the same pattern on the final screen. One additional parameter that I would add to the experiment at some point, a complete account, tracking and total count of all particles released from the source.

My initial hypothesis is that the measurement at the first set of double slits removes the wave function of the particle and that from this measurement point forward the only thing left is a particle. In my experimental setup we know that when the particle reaches the second set of double slits it is acting as a particle. This was established in the original double slit experiment. This means that there is only a particle reaching the second double slits, which is the exact same process for the first double slits. The difference is that there is no longer a guarantee of particle coherence that was established in the initial particle source. From this point forward there are only two basic things that can return a wave function to the particle, the second set of double slits, or the virtual field. But, not just any wave function can be returned, it has to be the wave function corresponding to the original coherence of the source. A return of the wave function would by necessity have to be associated with quantum mechanics. The question would be what quantum process could return a distinct or specific wave function to what is in essence a free particle. Furthermore, returning the particle to its original state established at the particle source would require energy. At this point the most likely source of this energy is the virtual field. However, removing this energy from the field would result in an energy drain from the field which in turn results in a number of other issues.

My hypothesis for this experiment is that it will show that the measurement done at the first set of double slits removes the wave function and creates a “wave-free” particle. Furthermore, the establishment of wave-free particles does not result in a significant change to current quantum physics. Rather, it simply adds another characteristic to be used and evaluated as physics moves forward. The wave function is still a part of many aspects of particle interactions thus keeping relevant parts of quantum physics intact. Having a wave-free particle is not that much different many other aspects associated with the standard model of particles.

THE DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT

 

My position on what we know about physics is that the information we have discovered clearly shows us that there is so much more for us to learn. For me the evidence starts with UFOs/ETs and Beings/Ghosts. We have thousands of years of history telling us all about these things that do not correspond with the physics we think we know. However, rather than telling ourselves that there has to be more for us to learn from these things, scientists will continue to tell us that they cannot be real because the physics we know will not allow for them. In other words, since science and physics cannot explain these things, these things cannot be real.

Well, from everything I read and research, the physics we know is telling us that there is more for us to learn. But for one reason or another today’s scientists simply want to try and built further on what we know rather than looking hard at what is known and asking questions. One of the crowning glories of quantum physics is the Standard Model of Particles. I have already written about what is one of the most glaring questions of many questions associated with the Standard Model and will post that in this blog. The questions I have are real, and they represent areas that we need to dig into rather than just ignoring them for convenience sake.

The standard model is not the only thing that points to more physics for us to learn about, there is experiment that is so ingrained in today’s quantum physics, the Double Slit Experiment that presents a huge question that needs to be answered. The Double Slit Experiment is the experiment that is responsible for giving us one of the most confusing and complicated aspects of quantum physics, Wave-Particle Duality. This is the quantum property of atoms and particles where they act like both a particle and a wave at the same time.

In 1801 physicist and physician Thomas Young performed the double slit experiment. He sent the light from the sun through a single slit, which made the sunlight somewhat in phase. After passing through the single slit the sunlight continued through to two closely spaced narrow slits. From the two slits the light went onto a screen where it showed wave interference patterns. Young’s experiment settled the debate on the nature of light and from this point on light was accepted as traveling as a wave.

Fast forward to 1961 when the first double slit experiment was done with electrons as individual particles and the wave interference pattern first observed by Young was observed with the individual electrons/particles. Further experiments done by sending single particles one at a time through the double slits still showed the wave interference pattern on the final screen. So, the wave nature of individual particles in quantum physics was verified and this is where we stand today.

However, there is a second part to the double slit experiment that I do not believe has been completely evaluation for further interpretations and conclusions. This second part is when the individual particles are measured after going through one of the slits so that it can be determined which slit the particle went through. That is it, a simple measurement telling us which slit the particle used. Well it turns out that this determination changes the whole dynamic of the experiment. There is no longer a wave interference pattern on the final screen. Rather there are just two piles or particles behind each slit. The wave is gone and the particle is acting like a particle when it hits the final screen. In other words, the simple act of measuring which slit the particle went through removes the wave nature of the particle.

So here is the question, I have a particle go through one of the slits and I measure that particle to see which slit it went through. Because of this measurement the particle is no longer a wave, it is now moving as a particle toward the final screen as clearly shown on the screen. What if right before the particle hits the screen and is brought to a stop, I move the screen an infinite distance away, or I move the screen at a speed just above that of the particle so that it cannot reach the screen? In other words, the particle is now moving through space as a particle with no wave form.

This completely upsets the wave-particle duality as now there is a particle moving through space as a only a particle with no “wave function.” The duality is gone. However, the standard answer maybe that a particle has to move through space as a wave so there must be something in quantum physics that gives the wave function back. In other words, unknown quantum magic that cannot be explained occurs and the particle regains a wave function. Or maybe there is another possible explanation, and nature is trying to tell us to dig deeper.

The double slit experiment gives us a particle without an associated wave, which is clear in the experiment itself. Additionally, without going into a lot of detail, the measurement of the slit that the particle uses corresponds with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. Specifically, we measured position through the slit determination so the momentum (velocity) of the particle is still present. This accounts for the particle striking the final screen. So, if the wave is removed from the particle, and the particle still exists there are two basic questions;

Where did the wave form come from in the first place?

If there is still a wave form with the particle as it moves through space where did it come from?

Regarding the first question, how about another form of quantum entanglement? As for the second question, the answer is simple, nobody knows.

Regarding quantum entanglement, let’s recall that for this experiment there has to be a particle source, and this source has to in essence make the particles sent through the slits coherent. In other words, the source gives all of the particles a common characteristic. This common characteristic is pretty much what quantum entanglement is all about. Once you give a particle a common characteristic, it is related to other particle(s) by this consistent characteristic. In the case of the individual coherent particles, the common characteristic is the wave form embedded into the particles by the source of the particles. So, as long as you do not measure the particle position, which slit it goes through, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle is intact and the particles will form the wave pattern on the final screen. This can also show in the measurement portion of the double slit experiment. Measuring the slit used removes the wave and gives a particle pattern on the final screen. Stop the measuring and the wave form returns for the individual particles on the final screen.

The wave particle duality associated with quantum physics is ingrained in so many things that are part of the physics of life. In particular atomic and molecular structures of the atoms we need and work with every day. But we really need to look at what this wave form does for us that cannot be handled in some other manner. Looking specifically at atomic structure, the wave form gives us the probability of finding an electron in a certain place. Since it is a probability, the electron may or may not be where the wave form says it is most likely to be. It could actually be in the area of the least probability. Furthermore, this wave is not static it is dynamic in that it oscillates. In other words, the position of the electron moves within its orbital, which means the most probable place the electron is supposed to be also moves which is also as expected. When we look at all of the other restrictions on electron placement in an atom, it just seems logical that the whole wave-particle duality and probability function is not the only way to find an electron.

The overriding question is why we have accepted things to be so complicated without even looking at other possible solution, especially when nature itself seems to be telling us there is more for us to find?

STANDARD MODEL AND NEXT GENERATION OF MATTER

 NOTE: This piece is posted to go along with piece above, THE DOUBLE SLIT EXPERIMENT

The Standard Model of Particles (Standard Model) is the building blocks and basis of the matter of our universe. However, this model is not without questions and issues. Despite the fact that the Standard Model is presented as the crowning glory of quantum physics, in my humble opinion there are so many questions with the Standard Model that at best it only represents a rough sketch for the matter in our universe. It is not possible to talk about the Standard Model without first giving some information about it. One of the easiest ways to do this is through one of the many charts that give a pictorial view of what the standard model is. However, these charts can be confusing with all of the numbers and symbols on them. So for the discussion I am about to have a brief description will be better. 

There are 16 different “elementary particles” that make up the Standard Model. However, there could be up to 18 “elementary particles” if you choose to include a couple of other elementary particles that are new or theorized. However, for the first part of our discussion I only want to focus on 4 of the elementary particles in the Standard Model. The 4 particles have different classification but their names are most likely familiar to you, they are;

1. Electron
2. Neutrino (more precisely the Electron Neutrino)
3. Two Quarks, the Up (u) quark and the Down (d) quark.

These 4 particles are commonly referred to as the “first generation” or “first family” of the Standard Model. And, these 4 particles make up all of the matter known and seen in our universe. Therefore, they can be considered the basic particles of our universe. And yes, there is the question of Dark Matter, but for now we will talk about what we can see. The reality of this situation is that it is the Electron and the two Quarks are really the elementary particles that make up all of the matter of our universe. The Neutrino is actually kind of an odd man out. It is formed in high energy events and it is the most abundant particle in our universe. Other than being a “placeholder” to help balance energy and momentum collisions it simply runs around our universe doing its own thing, whatever that may be.

Working with the two quarks, these elementary particles are the building blocks of the proton and neutron. The proton is made up of two up quarks and one down quark, common notation I will use is (uud = P), while the neutron is made up of two down quarks and one up quark, (udd = N). Recall, the Proton and Neutron make up the nucleus of the atom and the electron hangs out just outside of the nucleus. The atom is part of every piece of matter in our universe, and the two quarks and the electron make the atom. Three easy pieces to everything we see.

This really is all there is to the makeup of all of the stars, galaxies and particles everywhere in our universe. It is that straight forward, quarks and electrons represent all there is to putting the matter in our universe together, and there is nothing more than that. I do have to say that there are a lot of “issues and questions” associated with respect to how the quarks build the Proton and Neutron, but they do and that is the bottom line for now. And, not to worry as there will be a lot more forthcoming discussion on the Standard Model.

Before moving forward I have to tell you about a very important concept in physics, symmetry. Symmetry is all about making sure that things look the same no matter where they may be or where they may be moved to or how they may be moved. Violations of symmetry are a big deal that need special circumstances and conditions in order to cover for them in physics. If solutions for symmetry violations cannot be found, then there is a major problem.

Keeping symmetry in mind, it turns out that there is a second generation or family of elementary particles, these particles are;

1. Muon
2. Muon Neutrino
3. Two Quarks, the Charm Quark (c) and the Strange Quark (s).

Notice the comparison symmetry of the second generation with respect to the first. But, for clarity,

The Muon is exactly the same as the Electron except that the Muon is bigger.

The Muon Neutrino is the same as the Electron Neutrino except that the Muon Neutrino is bigger

The Charm Quark is the same as the Up Quark, except the Charm Quark is bigger and the Strange Quark is the same as the Down Quark, except the Strange Quark is bigger.

And next, there is a third generation or family of elementary particles, these particles are;

1. Tau
2. Tau Neutrino
3. Two Quarks, the Top quark (t) and the Bottom quark (b)

For clarity once again,

The Tau is the same as the Muon and Electron, only it is bigger than they are

The Tau Neutrino is the same as the Muon Neutrino and Electron Neutrino, only it is bigger than they are

The Top Quark is the same as the Charm and Up Quarks only it is bigger than they are, and the Bottom Quark is the same as the Strange Quark and the Down Quark, only it is bigger than they are.

Nice clean natural symmetry between the three generations except for the increase in weight moving from the first to second generation and then the second to third generation. The change in mass between the generations means the third generation of particles is much, much larger than the first generation.

So, since the first generation of particles gives us the Proton and Neutron, where are the second and third generation of Protons and Neutrons? Well, they do not exist in our world. It turns out that the second and third generations of the Standard Model that I covered above do not naturally exist in our world as they are too heavy. They really only show up in high energy experiments. It turns out that there are a whole lot of particles that are found in high energy experiments that simply do not exist in our world.

Notice how I stated “do not exist in our world” and did not say anything about existence in our universe. I did this because I believe that when we look at the standard model with respect to symmetry, it is telling us that second and third generations of Protons and Neutrons must exist.  Since we do not see them they must exist in a part of our universe where we have not looked. For example, an infinite 4th dimension above our three dimensions. In other words, our own discoveries are telling us that we are not seeing all there is to see in our universe.

Here is the question that has to be asked, why would nature make up two whole generations of particles without there being some purpose to the particles? In fact, it is not possible to say that there are not a fourth, fifth and beyond generation of particles that are simply too heavy to ever exist in our world.

There really is so much more to our universe, we just have to start asking questions rather than accepting the status quo.

 

 

MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS, GO BIG or GO HOME

 

One of the major things that today‘s physics is working on is String Theory. This theory is all about the basic particles of our universe being made up of one-dimensional strings that exist in multiple extra dimensions of space. These extra dimensions are more than the three dimensional space we live in and they are rolled up into the smallest possible distance we can imagine, known as the Planck Length. This distance is smaller than the distance that separates the proton and the neutron that are crammed together in the nucleus of an atom.

Let me be clear about this and say it another way, go to the absolutely smallest distance you can possibly think of, drop into the space of this distance and now add multiple more infinite spaces into this small distance. And, in these extra spaces that are now in the smallest distance you can think of, you have to put a bunch of one-dimensional strings that make up all of the matter in our universe. In other words, take every piece of matter in the universe and cram it onto a bunch of spaces that exist in the smallest distance in the universe.

This is in essence what string theory is all about, and it gets a bit worse. You see there is Super-symmetry, aka SUSY, a version of string theory that is generally considered necessary to be consistent with the universe that we live in. Well, SUSY basically doubles the number of particles in the universe, which means you now have to double the amount of matter in the universe and you actually have two universes of matter that have to be crammed into multiple rolled up infinite dimensions that exist in the smallest distance in the universe.

We will not go into how these one-dimensional strings existing in multiple dimensions of space crammed into the smallest distance in the universe communicate with the space where we live in order to create all of the matter that really does exist in our universe. Nor will we go into the fact that string theory is a mathematical model that cannot be proven. Hey, very simple, easy, understandable and straightforward right? Not even close. String Theory is a mess. It is a house of cards with so many caveats and unknowns that there is no way that it can be real.

So, does the mess that is String Theory with is multiple dimensions mean that all multi-dimensional models are unacceptable? No it does not. Rather than going to the smallest space possible why not go up? This was idea was actually first introduced in a paper by the German Physicist and Mathematician Theodor Kaluza around 1920. His theory of going up with extra dimensions was based on the work of German Mathematician Bernard Riemann regarding ‘n’ dimensional geometries published in a paper in 1868. Another way to say ‘n’ dimensional geometries is multi-dimensional space. That is spaces that go above and beyond the three-dimensional space of the universe where we live.

It is important to note that when Riemann did is work in multi-dimensional geometries the Planck Length had not yet to be theorized. The presumption here is that Riemann was looking at geometries above our three-dimensional geometry. That is there would be a fourth dimension of space that wraps around out entire three dimensional space just like our three dimensional space wraps around a two dimensional shape, (think of a sheet of paper as a two dimensional space). An example of a four-dimensional space object is the Klein Bottle. See the included three dimensional representation of the bottle, which can only be opened up in a four dimensional space. Under Riemann’s geometry, the number of dimensions that can exist above our three-dimensional space is basically infinite.

Does Reimann’s geometry prevent smaller dimensions down in the Planck Length? Not specifically as the math can go big or small. But the actual representation of the String Theory dimensions appears to be simply impossible and is at the very least impossible to prove or disprove. So looking at String Theory logically, it really just does not make sense. Going one more step, looking at String Theory with respect to the philosophical principle of Occam’s Razor, which in essence states that nature will take the simplest path, any multi-dimensional theory is simpler than String Theory and SUSY.

So are multiple dimensions out of the physics picture? No, they are not. Rather than going small to explain our universe like String Theory did, let’s make the dimensions big and embed our three dimensional space into a four dimensional space just like Russian Nesting Dolls. Consider the following for explanation purposes only;

Zero-Dimension = a point

One-Dimension = a string

Two-Dimensions = a sheet of paper

Three-Dimension = our universe

Zero, One and Two Dimensions are all embedded in our three dimensional universe. So, in order to follow the theory, our Three-Dimensional Universe is embedded into a Fourth-Dimension. And, a Fourth-Dimension can be embedded into a Fifth-Dimension and so on and so on.

This sounds almost as strange as all of the extra dimensions stuck down in the Planck Length with string theory. Except that Riemann showed multi-dimensional spaces was real back in 1868. And, as shown above with the embedding of smaller dimensions in our universe, there is real physical evidence supporting that a multi-dimensional universe can exist. Additionally, looking at some of the modern physics and modern discoveries there is even more evidence for the embedding our Three-Dimensional Universe into higher dimensions. It is possible to use the higher dimensions to account for the anti-symmetry associated with the lack of any anti-matter in our universe. I believe it is even possible to account for Dark Matter and Dark Energy, as well as provide further explanation of black holes along with many other puzzles associated with today’s modern physics and our universe.

Another consideration looking at the Klein Bottle above, look how four-dimensions can be viewed in our three dimensional world. There are so many shortcuts within the bottle to get from one surface area to another without having to travel along the surface. In other words, short cut travel paths in higher dimensions for UFOs and ETs to travel about our three-dimensional universe, visit us and then “go back home.”

Let’s take a moment to put this in perspective, going up or bigger in dimensions in our universe not only provides potential solutions to unanswered questions in physics, it also allows for travel about the universe. This seems to me to make larger dimension an area requiring research.